Machining Applications
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What cutting fluid for countersinking? Dry or wet?
Cutting fluid is recommended - it beats dry cutting. Benefits: 1) Cooling - lower cutting temperature, less tool wear, longer life; 2) Lubrication - less friction, cleaner surface, less welding; 3) Chip flushing - clears chips so they do not scratch the machined surface; 4) Rust protection - keeps workpiece and tool from rusting. Choosing fluid: 1) Carbon/alloy steel - emulsion (soluble oil) at 5-8% concentration, cheap and effective; 2) Stainless/superalloys - extreme-pressure emulsion or semi-synthetic for good lubrication and anti-welding; 3) Aluminum/copper - semi-synthetic or full-synthetic for cleanliness; 4) Precision work, high demands - cutting oil, best lubrication but costly and smoky. Dry cutting works too but shortens life and finish - fine for small quantities with low demands. For production, use cutting fluid.
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